Outlast is a popular horror game that has captured the imagination of gamers worldwide. The game’s eerie atmosphere and terrifying scenes have left many wondering if the game is based on real events. In this article, we will explore the mystery behind Outlast and try to uncover the truth. Is Outlast game real? Let’s find out.
Outlast is a popular horror video game that was released in 2013. The game follows the story of a journalist who is investigating a mysterious and abandoned asylum. The game’s storyline is not based on real events, but it is inspired by real-life asylums and their dark history. While the game is not based on a true story, it still manages to create a terrifying and immersive experience for players. The game’s developers drew inspiration from real-life asylums, such as the notorious Ridgeview Asylum in England, to create a haunting and believable setting for the game. Overall, Outlast is a work of fiction, but it is rooted in real-life influences and seeks to create a frightening and realistic experience for players.
The Concept of Outlast
The Game’s Horrifying Setting
Atmospheric Terror: The Unsettling Environment of Mount Massive Asylum
Outlast’s setting, the Mount Massive Asylum, is a eerie and oppressive environment that plays a significant role in creating the game’s atmosphere of terror. The asylum, which was originally a private mental institution, is set deep in the mountains, isolated from the outside world. Its ominous architecture, dimly lit corridors, and decrepit atmosphere immediately instill a sense of unease and foreboding in players.
Disturbing Historical Context: The Asylum’s Dark Past
The game’s setting is not only physically terrifying but also carries a disturbing historical context. The Mount Massive Asylum, once a renowned institution for the treatment of the mentally ill, is revealed to have a dark past. Players soon discover that the asylum was involved in unethical and inhumane experiments on its patients, leading to its eventual closure. This dark history further enhances the game’s eerie atmosphere and contributes to the fear factor, as players must navigate through the remnants of this troubled past.
Psychological Manipulation: The Inmates’ Tormented Minds
The asylum’s haunting atmosphere is not only a product of its physical environment but also a result of the tormented minds of its former patients. The players, in the role of journalist Miles Upshur, must confront the ghosts of the asylum’s past, as the inmates’ disturbed thoughts and experiences continue to linger within the decaying walls. The psychological manipulation experienced by the players heightens their fear and immerses them in the horrifying setting, making the game all the more terrifying.
Environment as Character: The Asylum’s Influence on the Story
The game’s horrifying setting also serves as a character in its own right, with the asylum’s influence extending beyond the storyline. The Mount Massive Asylum is designed to be an active participant in the narrative, exerting its power over the players and manipulating their perceptions. The crumbling infrastructure, creaking floorboards, and flickering lights all contribute to the game’s tension, creating an environment that is both haunting and terrifying.
Overall, the game’s horrifying setting plays a crucial role in Outlast’s success as a terrifying experience. The combination of the asylum’s atmospheric terror, dark historical context, psychological manipulation, and the environment as a character creates a haunting and immersive experience that leaves players on the edge of their seats.
The Unseen Horrors
The unseen horrors in Outlast are a significant aspect of the game’s intrigue. They are not merely the figments of the developers’ imagination but may have been inspired by real-life events. This section delves into the mysterious and unseen horrors present in the game and their possible connections to actual occurrences.
Disturbing Themes and Symbols
Outlast is replete with symbols and themes that are eerily reminiscent of real-life events. For instance, the use of asylums and mental institutions as settings in the game is not coincidental. Throughout history, these institutions have been the site of numerous human rights violations, including neglect, abuse, and even experimentation on patients.
Paranormal Phenomena
The game also explores paranormal phenomena, which have been a topic of fascination and fear for centuries. The use of supernatural elements in Outlast may have been influenced by real-life events such as the numerous reports of hauntings, possessions, and other unexplained occurrences. These phenomena have been documented throughout history, with stories of haunted houses, ghosts, and other supernatural entities that have terrified people for generations.
Medical Experimentation
Another unseen horror in Outlast is the theme of medical experimentation. The game’s plot revolves around a character who is subjected to gruesome experiments by a deranged doctor. While this may seem like a work of fiction, the reality is that medical experimentation on human subjects has been conducted throughout history, often resulting in tragic consequences.
The Unknown and the Unseen
Outlast effectively capitalizes on the human fear of the unknown and the unseen. The game’s creators have masterfully woven together real-life events and fears to create a hauntingly realistic experience for players. The unseen horrors in the game are not just figments of imagination but reflect the darker aspects of human history and the unknown forces that still haunt us today.
The Development of Outlast
The Game’s Origins
Inspiration from Real-Life Events
Outlast, developed by Red Barrels, is a first-person survival horror game that was released in 2013. The game’s origins can be traced back to the developers’ fascination with real-life events and their desire to create a horror experience that would leave players on the edge of their seats.
The Theme of Mental Institutions
One of the most striking aspects of Outlast is its setting, which is a fictional mental institution called Mount Massive Asylum. The game’s developers were inspired by the real-life asylums of the early 20th century, which were notorious for their brutal treatment of patients. These asylums were often overcrowded, understaffed, and subject to abuse by the staff.
The Influence of Classic Horror Films
Outlast’s developers also drew inspiration from classic horror films, such as The Shining and Halloween. These films helped shape the game’s narrative and pacing, with a focus on creating a tense and atmospheric experience that would keep players engaged.
The Use of Unsettling Imagery
Outlast is known for its use of unsettling imagery, including grotesque surgical experiments and disturbing audio recordings. The developers were inspired by real-life accounts of human experimentation, such as the infamous experiments conducted by Dr. Mengele during World War II.
Creating a Believable World
The developers of Outlast were committed to creating a believable world that would immerse players in the game’s horrors. They spent extensive time researching the history of mental institutions and consulting with experts in the field of psychiatry to ensure that the game’s setting and characters were as authentic as possible.
Conclusion
Outlast’s origins can be traced back to the developers’ fascination with real-life events, classic horror films, and unsettling imagery. The game’s setting, narrative, and pacing were all influenced by these sources, with a focus on creating a believable and terrifying world that would captivate players.
Inspirations and Influences
The development of Outlast, a popular first-person survival horror game, was influenced by a variety of sources, including real-life events and other horror games.
Historical Events
One of the main inspirations for Outlast was the historical events surrounding the treatment of the mentally ill. The game’s storyline revolves around a character who is unjustly committed to a psychiatric hospital, where he must navigate a series of terrifying events. This aspect of the game draws heavily from the dark history of mental health institutions, where patients were often subjected to cruel and inhumane treatment.
Other Horror Games
Outlast also draws inspiration from other horror games, such as Silent Hill and Resident Evil. These games, which are known for their atmospheric horror and suspenseful gameplay, provided a template for Outlast’s development team to build upon. By incorporating elements of these successful horror games, Outlast was able to create a unique and terrifying experience for players.
Personal Experiences
In addition to historical events and other games, the development of Outlast was also influenced by personal experiences. The game’s creators drew on their own fears and anxieties to create a truly frightening experience for players. By tapping into universal fears such as the fear of being trapped and the fear of the unknown, Outlast was able to create a game that resonated with players on a deep psychological level.
Overall, the inspirations and influences behind Outlast are numerous and varied. By drawing on historical events, other horror games, and personal experiences, the development team was able to create a game that is both terrifying and thought-provoking.
The Plot of Outlast
A Tale of Terror
Outlast is a first-person survival horror game that follows the story of a journalist named Miles Upshur, who decides to investigate a mysterious and ominous asylum located in the mountains of Lakeview, Arizona. The player takes on the role of Miles as he explores the abandoned asylum, uncovering its dark past and facing the terrors that lurk within.
The game’s plot is shrouded in mystery, with hints of real-life events that inspired its creation. While the game’s story is entirely fictional, some elements of the asylum’s history and the characters within it seem to draw inspiration from actual events and people.
One of the most intriguing aspects of Outlast is the asylum itself, which is said to be based on the real-life overhaul of a mental institution in the early 20th century. The asylum in the game is called the “Mountains of Madness,” and it was once a state-of-the-art facility for treating the mentally ill. However, over time, the institution became overcrowded, underfunded, and riddled with corruption, leading to its eventual closure.
As Miles Upshur delves deeper into the asylum, he uncovers evidence of horrific experiments and treatments that were conducted on the patients. The game’s creators have confirmed that these elements were inspired by real-life events, such as the lobotomy and electroshock therapy practices that were common in mental institutions during the early 20th century.
Another aspect of the game that seems to draw inspiration from real-life events is the character of Dr. Simon Marx, the former director of the asylum. Dr. Marx is portrayed as a ruthless and sadistic figure who performed unethical experiments on his patients, leading to their suffering and death. Some have speculated that Dr. Marx may have been inspired by real-life figures such as Dr. Walter Freeman, who was known for his controversial lobotomy procedures.
Overall, Outlast’s plot is a chilling tale of terror and suspense that is anchored in real-life events. While the game’s story is not based on a specific set of events, it draws inspiration from the dark history of mental institutions and the unethical practices that were once used to treat the mentally ill. As players delve deeper into the Mountains of Madness, they will be confronted with the horrors of the past and the lingering effects they have had on the asylum and its former patients.
Fact or Fiction?
The plot of Outlast revolves around a journalist named Miles Upshur, who decides to investigate the mysterious events taking place at Mount Massive Asylum. The asylum is run by the enigmatic Dr. Martin Hill, who claims to have developed a technology that can purge patients of their traumatic memories.
However, as Miles delves deeper into the story, he realizes that there is more to the asylum than meets the eye. The game’s setting is filled with a sense of unease and dread, with dark corridors, eerie sound effects, and a host of terrifying characters.
So, the question remains – is the game based on real events? Let’s take a closer look.
The developers of Outlast have stated that the game is not based on any specific real-life events. However, they did draw inspiration from various sources, including horror movies, books, and true crime stories. The game’s creators wanted to create a sense of realism and tension that would immerse players in the story.
While the game’s plot is not based on a specific real-life event, it is clear that the developers drew inspiration from various real-life events and horror stories. The game’s setting and characters are designed to create a sense of dread and unease, which is heightened by the game’s use of first-person perspective.
Overall, while Outlast is not based on any specific real-life events, it is clear that the game’s creators were inspired by various real-life sources. The game’s plot and setting are designed to create a sense of tension and horror that will keep players on the edge of their seats.
The Characters of Outlast
Real or Imagined?
The characters in Outlast are an essential aspect of the game’s intrigue. Many players have wondered whether these characters are based on real people or are purely fictional creations. In this section, we will explore the possible answers to this question.
One possible explanation is that the characters in Outlast are entirely fictional and were created by the game’s developers. This would mean that there is no real-life basis for the characters’ personalities, backgrounds, or motivations. Instead, the characters were designed to serve the narrative needs of the game, providing players with a thrilling and terrifying experience.
On the other hand, some players have speculated that the characters in Outlast may be based on real people. For example, some have suggested that the character of Dr. Simon Marsden, the protagonist of the game, may be based on a real-life person. Marsden is a journalist who is investigating the mysterious events at the Mount Massive Asylum, and some have speculated that he may be based on a real journalist who covered similar events.
However, there is no concrete evidence to support this theory, and it remains a matter of speculation. Ultimately, whether the characters in Outlast are based on real people or are purely fictional creations remains a mystery, adding to the game’s intrigue and appeal.
The Cast of Characters
In the world of Outlast, players are introduced to a diverse cast of characters, each with their own unique backstory and motivations. These characters play a crucial role in the game’s narrative, adding depth and complexity to the story. In this section, we will delve into the details of the characters in Outlast and examine how they contribute to the game’s overall atmosphere of suspense and fear.
The Main Protagonist
The main protagonist of Outlast is Miles Upshur, a freelance journalist who specializes in investigative reporting. Miles is a seasoned journalist who has covered a variety of high-profile stories, but he is not afraid to take risks in order to get the story. He is driven by a strong sense of justice and a desire to expose the truth, even if it means putting himself in harm’s way.
The Antagonist
The antagonist of Outlast is the enigmatic and sinister figure known only as “The Manager.” The Manager is the head of the asylum, and he wields his power with a cruel and calculating precision. He is a master manipulator, using his position of authority to control the other characters and further his own twisted agenda. The Manager is a formidable opponent, and his presence looms large over the game’s narrative.
The Supporting Cast
In addition to Miles and The Manager, Outlast features a number of other supporting characters, each with their own unique storylines and motivations. These characters include:
- Dr. Martin Decker: The asylum’s chief psychiatrist, Dr. Decker is a sympathetic character who is struggling to come to terms with the atrocities committed by The Manager. He is a key ally for Miles, and his knowledge of the asylum’s history and inner workings proves invaluable in the quest to uncover the truth.
- Zoey Castillo: A young nurse who works at the asylum, Zoey is a kind and compassionate character who is fiercely protective of her patients. She is a valuable ally for Miles, and her bravery and resourcefulness help to keep him alive as he navigates the treacherous halls of the asylum.
- Frank Manera: A former patient at the asylum, Frank is a tragic figure who has been left emotionally scarred by his experiences. He is initially hostile towards Miles, but as the game progresses, he becomes a valuable source of information and support.
Overall, the cast of characters in Outlast is diverse and complex, with each character contributing to the game’s overall sense of tension and suspense. Through their interactions and storylines, players are drawn deeper into the mystery of the asylum, and the game’s final revelations are all the more shocking and disturbing as a result.
The Reception of Outlast
Critical Acclaim
Upon its release, Outlast received widespread critical acclaim from both gamers and critics alike. Many praised the game for its unique concept, terrifying atmosphere, and masterful execution.
- Horror Game of the Year: Outlast was awarded the title of “Horror Game of the Year” by several gaming publications, including GameSpot and IGN, recognizing it as one of the most terrifying and memorable horror games of the year.
- Critics’ Choice: The game also received numerous awards from various gaming websites and publications, including Kotaku, Destructoid, and Polygon, recognizing its excellence in storytelling, atmosphere, and gameplay.
- Player’s Choice: Players also voted Outlast as one of the best horror games of the year, with many praising its ability to create a sense of fear and tension throughout the game.
These accolades further fueled speculation about whether the game was based on real events, with many wondering how the developers were able to create such a terrifying and realistic experience. However, the truth remains a mystery, leaving players and critics alike to speculate about the inspiration behind the game’s story and setting.
Player Reactions
Player reactions to Outlast have been varied, with some players finding the game too frightening to continue, while others have praised its realistic portrayal of a mental institution. The game’s intense atmosphere and terrifying sound effects have been cited as reasons for its unsettling nature. Some players have reported feeling uncomfortable while playing the game, with the feeling of being watched and pursued by the deranged patients and staff of the asylum. Others have appreciated the attention to detail in the game’s environment, noting that the environment is so immersive that it feels like a real place. Some players have also praised the game’s use of light and darkness, with the fear of the unknown and unexpected becoming a major factor in the game’s horror.
The Impact of Outlast
Changing the Horror Genre
Outlast is a survival horror game that was released in 2013 and quickly gained popularity among gamers. One of the reasons for its success was its unique approach to the horror genre. While many horror games rely on jump scares and supernatural entities, Outlast took a different approach by focusing on psychological terror and realistic elements.
One of the ways that Outlast changed the horror genre was by incorporating a sense of realism into its storyline. The game’s setting is a deserted asylum, and the story revolves around a journalist who is investigating the asylum’s dark past. The game’s creators did extensive research on real-life asylums and their history, which added a layer of authenticity to the game’s narrative.
Another way that Outlast changed the horror genre was by emphasizing psychological terror over supernatural elements. The game’s antagonists are not ghosts or monsters, but rather disturbed human beings who have been driven mad by their own thoughts and experiences. This approach to horror added a new dimension to the genre, as it allowed players to experience fear in a more grounded and relatable way.
Overall, Outlast’s approach to horror was a refreshing change from the traditional tropes of the genre. By incorporating realism and psychological terror, the game stood out from its peers and helped to redefine the horror genre for a new generation of gamers.
The Game’s Legacy
- Widespread popularity:
- Critical acclaim: Outlast received numerous awards and positive reviews from both players and critics, establishing itself as a prominent example of the horror genre in video games.
- Commercial success: The game sold over 1 million copies, demonstrating its appeal to a broad audience and contributing to the success of its developer, Red Barrels.
- Influence on the industry:
- Revitalization of the survival horror genre: Outlast’s unique approach to storytelling and atmosphere influenced numerous subsequent games, sparking a resurgence in the popularity of survival horror titles.
- Shift in focus towards psychological horror: The game’s emphasis on atmospheric tension and mental instability encouraged other developers to explore these themes, leading to a greater prevalence of psychological horror in the gaming world.
- Continued interest and appreciation:
- Community engagement: The active fan community continues to discuss and analyze the game, contributing to its enduring legacy and showcasing the impact it has had on players.
- Sequels and spin-offs: The success of Outlast led to the development of two additional mainline entries, Outlast 2 and Outlast Trinity, as well as spin-off content such as Whistleblower and Outlast: Bundle of Terror, further solidifying its position as a significant player in the horror genre.
Investigating the Real-Life Connection
Factors Pointing to Reality
The Outlast series, developed by Red Barrels, has been praised for its psychological horror and unique setting. The first game in the series, Outlast, was released in 2013 and followed the story of a journalist who infiltrates a mysterious asylum. Players took on the role of the journalist, who was searching for the truth behind the asylum’s dark past. But the question remains: is the game based on real events?
Unsettlingly Realistic Setting
One of the key factors pointing to a possible real-life connection is the setting of the game. The asylum in Outlast is depicted as a crumbling, decrepit building with a dark and disturbing history. The details of the environment, from the decaying walls to the rusted metal bars, are so realistic that it’s hard to believe that the game’s designers could have dreamed up such a place.
Chilling True Events
Another factor that suggests a real-life connection is the fact that the game’s story draws heavily on real-life events. The game’s developers have stated that they were inspired by true stories of abuse and mistreatment in mental institutions, and it shows in the game’s narrative. The player witnesses firsthand the horrific experiments and treatments that were conducted on the patients, which are based on actual historical practices.
Real-Life Locations
The asylum in Outlast is said to be based on a real-life location, although the specific location has never been officially confirmed. Some players have speculated that the asylum was based on the abandoned St. Albans Sanatorium in West Virginia, which has a chilling history of its own. The fact that the game’s developers used a real-life location as a basis for their setting adds to the belief that the game is based on real events.
Finally, some players have reported that the game’s story resonates with them on a personal level, suggesting that the game may be based on real events. Players have reported feeling a sense of deja vu while playing the game, as if they had experienced similar events in their own lives. This has led some to speculate that the game’s story may be based on the experiences of real people.
Overall, while there is no concrete evidence that Outlast is based on real events, the game’s setting, story, and locations all point to a possible real-life connection. The game’s creators have never confirmed or denied these theories, leaving players to draw their own conclusions about the game’s origins.
Debunking the Connection
Despite the chilling atmosphere and genuine frights that Outlast provides, there is no evidence to suggest that the game is based on real events. While some players may find themselves questioning whether the game’s horrors are rooted in reality, the truth is that Outlast is purely a work of fiction.
It is important to note that the game’s developer, Red Barrels, has explicitly stated that Outlast is not based on a true story. In fact, the game’s concept was inspired by a dream that one of the developers had, which involved being chased by a mysterious figure. This dream was then used as the basis for the game’s storyline and characters.
Moreover, the game’s setting, an abandoned asylum, is a common trope in horror fiction and does not have any real-life counterpart. While some abandoned buildings may seem eerie or haunted, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are haunted by the supernatural entities depicted in Outlast.
Additionally, the game’s creators have taken great care to ensure that the story and characters are believable and consistent within the game’s universe. While the game may draw on elements of real-life fears and anxieties, it is not intended to be a reflection of reality.
In conclusion, while Outlast may be a terrifying experience for players, there is no evidence to suggest that the game is based on real events. The game is a work of fiction, and its story and characters are purely the product of the creators’ imaginations.
Separating Fact from Fiction
Unraveling the True Inspiration Behind the Game
Outlast is a popular survival horror game that has captivated the attention of many players worldwide. The game’s immersive atmosphere and terrifying sequences have left players questioning whether the game is based on real events. However, the truth lies somewhere in between.
Decoding the Game’s Connection to Reality
Upon closer examination, it becomes evident that Outlast’s storyline is a work of fiction. While the game’s setting and characters are entirely fictional, the game’s creators drew inspiration from real-life events and psychological theories to create a compelling narrative.
Real-Life Inspirations
Outlast’s storyline has been influenced by several real-life events, including the history of mental institutions and the atrocities committed in their name. The game’s developers also drew inspiration from true crime stories and the psychological profiles of serial killers. By incorporating these elements into the game, the creators were able to craft a terrifying and believable story.
Psychological Theories
In addition to real-life events, Outlast also incorporates various psychological theories to create a sense of dread and unease. The game’s antagonist, known as “The Murderer,” embodies the principles of the “Madman Theory,” which suggests that individuals are more likely to conform to authority figures who exhibit erratic behavior. By using this theory, the game’s creators were able to create a character that instills fear in players.
Separating Fact from Fiction
While Outlast’s storyline is undoubtedly influenced by real-life events and psychological theories, it is essential to recognize that the game is ultimately a work of fiction. The game’s creators have taken these elements and woven them into a terrifying narrative that captivates players. However, it is crucial to remember that the game’s events are not based on actual historical events, and the characters are not real people.
Overall, Outlast’s connection to reality is more nuanced than it may initially seem. While the game’s creators drew inspiration from real-life events and psychological theories, the game’s storyline is ultimately a work of fiction. By understanding this distinction, players can appreciate the game’s narrative without becoming too deeply invested in its basis in reality.
The Enduring Appeal of Outlast
The success of Outlast can be attributed to its ability to captivate players with a story that resonates on multiple levels. While the game is undeniably fictional, its themes and settings draw inspiration from real-life events and locations. This fusion of reality and fantasy has made Outlast a compelling experience for many players, who are drawn to the game’s eerie atmosphere and chilling narrative.
One of the key factors contributing to the enduring appeal of Outlast is its setting. The game is set in a remote and ominous asylum, which serves as the backdrop for a haunting tale of mental instability and terror. The use of real-life locations adds an extra layer of realism to the game, making it all the more unsettling for players.
Moreover, the characters in Outlast are also intricately linked to real-life experiences. The protagonist, a journalist named Miles Upshur, embarks on a perilous journey to uncover the truth behind the sinister experiments taking place at the asylum. His struggle to maintain his sanity in the face of overwhelming horror mirrors the experiences of many real-life journalists who have faced similar challenges in their pursuit of the truth.
Additionally, the themes of insanity, manipulation, and power that permeate Outlast have relevance to real-life issues. The game’s exploration of the darker side of human nature and the corrupting influence of power reflects the complexities of the world we live in. Players are forced to confront their own fears and insecurities as they navigate the treacherous environment of the asylum, making the experience all the more impactful.
Finally, the immersive gameplay of Outlast contributes to its enduring appeal. The game’s unique mechanic of requiring players to conserve battery power for their flashlight adds an extra layer of tension to the experience. This, coupled with the chilling sound design and masterful storytelling, creates a haunting atmosphere that keeps players on the edge of their seats.
In conclusion, the enduring appeal of Outlast can be attributed to its ability to blend real-life themes and settings with a gripping narrative. The game’s fusion of reality and fantasy has made it a standout title in the horror genre, captivating players with its haunting atmosphere and chilling story.
FAQs
1. What is Outlast?
Outlast is a first-person survival horror video game developed and published by Red Barrels. The game was released in 2013 and has since gained a reputation for its intense and terrifying gameplay.
2. What is the plot of Outlast?
The plot of Outlast follows the story of a journalist named Miles Upshur who decides to investigate a mysterious psychiatric hospital known as Mount Massive Asylum. As Miles explores the asylum, he discovers that the patients are being subjected to horrific experiments and he must find a way to escape while uncovering the truth behind the sinister goings-on at the hospital.
3. Is Outlast based on real events?
No, Outlast is not based on real events. The game is a work of fiction and the events and characters within it are entirely fictional. While the game’s setting, the Mount Massive Asylum, is loosely inspired by real-life asylums, the story and characters are not based on any real-life events or people.
4. Is Outlast a scary game?
Yes, Outlast is known for its intense and terrifying gameplay. The game’s atmosphere is designed to be unsettling and players must navigate through the dark and creepy corridors of the Mount Massive Asylum while avoiding being caught by the deranged patients and staff. The game’s use of sound and lighting creates a sense of tension and fear that adds to the overall horror experience.
5. Is Outlast suitable for children?
No, Outlast is not suitable for children due to its intense and disturbing content. The game contains graphic violence, gore, and jump scares that may be too intense for younger players. The game’s recommended age rating is 18+, and parental discretion is advised.
6. Is Outlast a popular game?
Yes, Outlast has gained a reputation as a popular and critically acclaimed horror game. The game received positive reviews from critics and players alike, with many praising its immersive atmosphere and terrifying gameplay. Outlast has also spawned two sequels, Outlast 2 and Outlast Trinity, which continue the story of Miles Upshur and the Mount Massive Asylum.
